Gustav Ritter von Escherich (June 1, 1849 – January 28, 1935) was an Austrian mathematician.
Born in Mantua, he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Vienna. From 1876 to 1879 he was professor at the University of Graz. In 1882 he went to the Graz University of Technology and in 1884 he went to the University of Vienna, where he also was president of the university in 1903/04.
Together with Emil Weyr he founded the journal Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik and together with Ludwig Boltzmann and Emil Müller he founded the Austrian Mathematical Society.